Energy is the social development, human life a lack of resources. Now people have realized that, to supply the human energy required in the history does not long using combustible mineral fuel. Facing the fact, all countries in the world to solve itself and even in the world's energy supply problems and doing everything possible to find a way out, various measures.
In 1994, the world consumed about 1.132 × 10 dead "ot standard coal energy, coal accounts for 27.2%, oil accounted for about 40.1%, natural gas accounted for 23.o%, hydropower, nuclear power accounted for about 9.7%. from these data, non-renewable fossil fuels accounted for the vast majority, the storage quantity so, decided to Ding energy situation future.
Mining life of fossil fuel is difficult to estimate, this is because with the development of exploration technology, today found not resources, maybe tomorrow will be found. The second problem is mining issues, some minerals, although found, but in today's science and technology level may not mined in mining, or the economy is not considered. But after a period of time, with the development of technology may be recoverable reserves, but also cost-effective in economic terms. There is the problem of mining on some energy, proven mineral deposits, but mining up to what proportion, in production to consumption out of proportion, is difficult to estimate. But as a result of today's science and technology is quite advanced, estimates found in the end
D 'biofuels will not be too much, so according to the reserves and the situation of the world energy consumption in recent years, the mining life of fossil fuels can be used as an estimate.
L coal
According to the different reserves and annual production growth rate of 3.56% to calculate, extraction and time of coal as shown in Figure 1 - 4 - 1.
As can be seen from the graph, the peak in the amount of coal mining with reserves differ slightly. According to the known reserves of 4.3xlo "? Calculation, the peak in 2100; if the potential reserves of 7.6 * 10" t calculation, peak at 2L for 40 years. Coal is mainly distributed in the former Soviet union,
China, the United States, Germany and other countries.
2 oil
According to Deng's annual production growth rate, according to the different reserves (known reserves and potential reserves), production and year oil relationship in Figure L - 4 - 2.
As can be seen from the graph, such as wire storage 1.35 x 10 "barrel (L 85 * 10" t) at the peak of its yield, between 1990 and 1995. According to the reserves of 2.1 * 10 "poke [2.877 × Lo" t) calculation, the output is the peak around 2000. That is to say, no matter what kind of reserves calculation, are now in the peak period of oil exploitation.
World wide oil reserves are mainly in the Middle East, whose reserves accounted for more than the world's total reserves of about 60%. Among them, Saudi Arabia, ca. 2.8 × 10 "t, Iran about ll 3 × L 0'. T, Iraq is about 1.3 × 10". T, Kuwait to about L 4 * 10'. T. followed by the former Soviet Union, the United States, China and Norway
L natural gas
Natural gas reserves of about 1.42 * 10 'm5j' annual mining 2.18 x 10 "m3. natural gas reserves most countries of the former Soviet Union, 2.576 x 10" m:; followed by Iran, 1.358 x 10 "m3. with more reserves in the United States, Algeria, sand to Allah
Peter, Canada, Mexico and Venezuela. China's natural gas reserves are rare.
According to the existing statistical data and materials, and comprehensive factors some prediction principle and influence, fossil fuel reserves of combustible (including known reserves printing potential reserves) mining life can be estimated roughly as follows: mining life known oil reserves is only 6 - 18 years, the life of mining potential reserves but also 30 to 40 years; mining life known reserves of natural gas is about 15 - 19 years, the life of mining potential reserves of about 25 to 40 years; the coal is the most abundant fossil fuel, mining life of known reserves than two longer, about 30 to 100 years, the life of mining the potential reserves of about 150 to 250 years.
4 hydraulic
According to the United Nations estimates of new energy and renewable energy, hydropower resources all over the world, theoretical reserves of approximately 4.43 x 10 "kwh / year, technology can be developed is 1.94 x 10" kwh / year, short-term economic development for the L 4 × 10 kWh / year. Europe "(not including former the Soviet Union) water resources development degree is the highest, for 59; followed by North America, 36%; rich water resources in Asia (excluding Japan), Africa, Latin America and other regions development level is very low, respectively, 5% and 9%, there is a great potential of these areas. Although waterpower resource is renewable energy, but with the world per year compared to the energy consumption is still very limited, and the water resources are in the traffic inconvenience, away from the center of the industry area, built
Provided with a torsion investment is large, so the hydraulic can not replace coal, oil, natural gas and other leading position in the future energy structure.
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