Understand the energy and environmental pollution

The so-called environment f; Dye, is caused by human activities is endangering the survival of organisms or the negative effect of life or harmful effects.

To see, reducing environmental pollution, protect the environment is one of the world's long-term development of buckle global problems. A serious lesson in world economic development, many economically developed countries is a serious waste of resources and go the way of "treatment after pollution", the result is a serious damage for the world's resources and environment. So we must pay attention to today, when to speed up the development must not be at the expense of the waste of resources and environment, the development of any place have to insist on the basis of the ecological environment of benign circulation. Therefore, we in the major economic and social development policy, planning, resource development and determine the important project, must be based on the integration of promote development and environmental protection point of view to consider the advantages and disadvantages, and puts forward corresponding countermeasures, so as to prevent environmental pollution and ecological damage from the source.

In addition. We must recognize that the essence of the protection of the environment is to protect productivity, environmental awareness and environmental quality, how is the measure of a country and a nation's civilization degree of a important standard. Now, the environment problems have been involved in international politics, economy, trade and culture, and many other areas, so the environmental aspects of many problems need to rely on scientific and technological progress and the improvement of quality of people to solve. Environmental protection is a noble cause, GongZaiDangDai, cabinet.

Energy production, transmission, transformation, the use and consumption are directly or indirectly changing the material balance and energy balance on the earth, to the destruction of the ecological system, also have set, so the development and utilization of energy is a major factor in the pollution of the environment. Energy to the environment pollution is mainly through the following several aspects

L local thermal pollution

In all the energy conversion process, inevitably accompanied by a loss, these losses will eventually in the form of low temperature heat to the surrounding environment, cause local temperature, which near the plant and animal growth is affected, even influence the creatures around

Survival.

Local heat is the most serious pollution in rivers and lakes water as cooling water of thermal power plant, after cooling water absorbs heat faster than the original temperature of 5 -- 9 ℃ temperature returns to the natural water resources. With a 1.2 x 106 kw thermal power plant, in our country in 2000 to an estimated 2000 of standard coal 1 KWH electricity, issued by the electrical efficiency is 35%, each hair than wh electricity, the energy loss for 6650 u. Assuming that boiler combustion efficiency is 90%, the international emissions of waste heat of 5620 n (including the part was taken away by the smoke). So, 1.2 x 106 kw thermal power plant emissions of waste heat per hour of 3.58 x 10 'k3 heat, can be 1 o 7 x 10 "t water temperature 8 ℃. If emissions into a lake, not a long time, the fish in the water. Even the grass dies, the last will become extinct. So in Zimbabwe. When a fire port from factory of marina guali resentments uJ ram h between fishing

Suppose type squadron, Ql, c dao are constant, the temperature of the earth's surface 7. As the function of Qk, which increased with the increase of Qb. Now, the energy consumption are increasing year by year in the world, no matter what kind of energy, eventually in the form of long wave radiation to space), so the Qh is land is increasing year by year, 7: also on the rise year by year. Of course, this increase is very limited, for another 107 years the earth's temperature rises 1 t. But for this 1 ℃, the consequences will be severe. Because of the ground temperature rise, ice and snow area on earth will reduce, thus reduce the total reflectance of earth, more solar energy is absorbed by the surface of the earth, the earth's surface temperature rise, which leads to more snow and ice melt, will produce a chain reaction, will eventually

Can affect the ecological balance, resulting in global "hot" pollution of the environment.

The heat loss of the surface of the earth in the form of long wave radiation into space, and in order to maintain the basic uniform temperature of the earth's surface. The blackbody radiation spectrum distribution determined by Planck's law;

Because of the temperature on the surface of the sun and the earth's surface temperature difference is very big, so can be seen from the type, the solar radiation spectrum and the earth radiation spectrum is quite different. The sun's radiation largest in o. 5 near ym, and most of the earth's surface radiation occur near the zero ym. So our fleet is transparent to the sun's radiation, and radiation on earth, there is a considerable absorption ability. CO 2 is absorbed in the atmosphere after the radiant energy of the earth, and update the radiation, the part of radiant energy back to the ground. The higher the content of our fleet in the atmosphere, the earth radiation absorption of the car, in turn, the more radiation back to the surface of the earth, and the result was to make the temperature of the earth's surface. The effect of carbon dioxide, known as the "greenhouse effect".

Due to long-term fossil fuels used in the world, and consumption is more and more big, more than 100 years of co 2 concentration in the atmosphere have obvious increase. If the concentration of co 2 is increased by 25%, is enough to will rise in the average temperature on earth o. 6 ℃. The long, after

Fruit is very serious, so to arouse people's enough attention.

Sulfide (such as s02) come mainly from coal combustion, together with other combustion products out of the chimney into the atmosphere. So 2 content in flue gas is determined by the sulfur content of coal. The coal sulfur content with coal quality varies, usually in o, a 7. 2% o peck range. Coal around 3.8 x 10 "t are consumed worldwide each year, thus the rib into the atmosphere? Quantity of about 1.4 x 10 '4.9 x 10" t, this value is considerable. Oil also contains sulfur, but the proportion is small, about o. a 2. 05% o %. But now the world consumes about 4 x 10' t oil, the oil refining process, the majority of sulfur in heavy oil, heavy burning still produce after sOp

SO: pollution to the environment has two aspects. First, sO that is a poison, soz too much can lead to respiratory disease, the well is harmful to the growth of certain plants. Secondly, emissions to the atmosphere sO 2 will eventually return to earth in the form of sulfuric acid with the rain, cause

Structures of the corrosion.

In addition, the geothermal fluid contains considerable H s5, it is also a poisonous gas in the development and utilization of geothermal resources, also should take measures to prevent atmospheric pollution.

Four, the nitrogen pollution

Any high temperature combustion of fossil fuels are likely to generate nitrogen availability of nitric oxide (No), and the generated No 'increased as the temperature of the flame and smoke in high temperature increase with the increase of the retention time. As a result of the carnot cycle efficiency v = child, so the higher the 2 t, the higher the efficiency of PA obtain high efficient use of the string, the modern boiler, especially in thermal power plant boiler, the combustion temperature is higher and higher, making chloride is also more and more.

Nitrides caused by environmental pollution also has two aspects. First of all, No, gas is sensitive to the oxygen layer, low concentrations of No, will damage the ozone layer, the lower the concentration of atmospheric ozone layer. The oxygen layer can absorb solar radiation in the ultraviolet part of the harmful to human body, external radiation backwash effect of the universe, and environmental protection to human survival. If the concentration of the ozone layer by 1%, a 2% increase in ultraviolet radiation from the ground, can lead to skin cancer patients what percentage increase in the number. Second, nitrides and hydrocarbon by ultraviolet irradiation can produce poisonous gas, direct damage to human body health, it can cause the eyes turned red, sore throat, cough and other diseases, serious when even cause death.

Radioactive pollution refers to the nuclear fuel, mining, transportation, and three wastes (waste gas, waste residue, waste water treatment process, such as an error, or a nuclear reactor leak, make human ring caused serious pollution. Radioactive pollution several pollution is much more serious than before (from local pollution), and the former Soviet union Mitchell by nuclear power plant leakage accident, caused many casualties, but also impact on the surrounding environment for many years.

Radioactive contamination and its protective measures are as follows:

1. The pollution

Radioactive pollution divided into reaction in the normal operation of the factory pollution and radioactive substances in the case of accidents such as leak may emit radiation on the surrounding environment pollution.

Its harm way, one is external radiation, the surrounding environment pollution by radioactive material, living and working in this environment are hurt by the radiation and radioactive material. The second is the radiation, namely people or animals eat the contaminated food, drink the polluted water, breathe the polluted air, or through a crack in the skin, leading to radioactive substances in the body to produce radiation and harm the human body or other animals.

Damage as a result, there are two main effects: one for body effect, namely himself by radioactive radiation, the result is divided into forward and acute. Long-term refers to the people by the radioactive pollution will happen aplastic anemia, malignant tumor, cataract, thyroid cancer and other diseases. Acute pollution with the different and produce different results by radiation dose, less than 300 fem (radiation), people will feel very unwell; 300 a 600 rem 'the mortality rate of 50%; Radiation by more than 600 mm, the mortality rate of loo %. Secondly, genetic effect, namely people if regeneration children by radioactive pollution, the pollution will affect the next generation of physical and mental health.

2. The protection

Because of the effects of radioactive pollution is very serious, so the protective measures is also very strict. Especially nuclear reactor, it has built three layer shell, namely the fuel cladding, pressure vessel and safety cladding. The cladding with different materials in different parts of building, some parts for normal concrete, some parts as heavy concrete, namely in the concrete adding iron filings, barite, graphite, paraffin wax, cast iron pieces, boron steel, aluminum, etc.

3, the "three wastes" treatment

"Three wastes" wastewater, waste gas, waste residue. Wastewater and waste gas is not direct contact with radioactive material, good processing requires very tightly holding some 'waste residues, and then buried deep underground, or in the deep water.

4. The roller radiation monitoring

In order to ensure the personal safety of staff, to monitor the quality of the body of the staff must be regularly, to ensure its exposure to the radiation dose to be less than 5 rem/year. Nearby residents of radiation dose, the international demand for the staff of six, while our country is required for the staff of life, namely, 50 m fat m/year, less than the earth's natural background radiation 100 - xomrcm/year.

Except the pollution caused by fossil fuel development, transport and transformation of pollution and there are many kinds, such as dust, ash of coal-fired power plants, coal mining wasteland, impurity, annihilates stone coal, coal preparation plant of waste, waste water, such as sea mining from the oil leakage problems.

Hydropower is clean energy, but also has the corresponding environmental pollution problems. Due to the development of hydraulic, dammed river, construction of the reservoir, to complete construct ridge, bridge road, and those on the surrounding areas of ecological balance, land salinization and irrigation, have affected forest vegetation.