The amount and the prospect of new energy beauty
(1) nuclear fission
Nuclear power has a considerable proportion of the energy production in many countries. Nuclear energy is a kind of energy, the ideal, the nuclear power plant has reached a mature technology, competition ability, economic industry can promote large-scale stage. The current mature 3 reactor type LWR, natural uranium graphite gas cold pad-batch and natural uranium heavy water reactor.
Still encountered in the use of nuclear energy in question is resource problem, even though it is new energy, but the world's reserves estimation is only 2.45 * 10 't. and direct fission of uranium at only 235 of natural uranium is about o.7%; the rest is sodium 238, not directly to the fission reaction to obtain energy, in natural, mineral, Shi accounted for 232 of 100%. actually can fission reaction releases energy in addition to uranium 235, and uranium 233 and bowl 239 modern science and technology have the red 232 after decay into uranium 233, can also be a platinum 238 into bowl 239, this is called proliferation reaction. The reaction type for
Ten days PPu 3.N ratio
Th ten 6N h Pa left Ding Pai
Beard the lion in U ten and 2.286
From the above two decay process can see, not only will not change the fission of nuclear fuel to fissile nuclear fuel, but also brings extra neutron. On the one hand, the new produce fissile material Pu or u in the fission reaction, the release of energy; on the other hand, the excess neutron bombardment non fissile material Ning Th or mixed u, produce fissile material new. Because the neutron number generated each atomic decay is greater than 1, so that the breeder reactor, not only can release energy, but also can produce new nuclear fuel, for other reactor used. Because of this. Fast breeder reactor is solved using nuclear fuel and new energy development an important way. If calculated according to recent data in Section 1 to estimate each HUC, nuclear fuel
Material completely fission reaction, can generate released is equivalent to 2800t of standard coal after complete combustion energy, then the 2.45 x 10 't nuclear fuel to achieve full proliferation, all fission releases energy roughly equivalent to several times the world coal reserves. Of course. This is exactly the ideal condition, but also can description of nuclear fission fuel is a huge energy resources. Now, France, the United States, the former Soviet Union, Japan and other countries have a breeder reactor.
(2) nuclear fusion
Has to pass in the first section, the raw material for nuclear fusion of hydrogen isotope atmosphere and flow. They are in the sea, containing hydrogen isotope neon per kilogram of seawater or building a o.0348. the whole world about 6.88 × 10 seawater". T, we can easily calculate the world seawater containing neon or sink 2.34 x 10 '"k8. if the 1ks nuclear fusion fuel complete fusion reactions can release 11816t of standard coal equivalent of energy calculation, is not difficult to work out the sea with phase with the equivalent of 2.76 x 10" t standard coal reserves which, as long as the use of only a small part, can solve the energy problem in the world. Unfortunately, the fusion reaction ignition temperature and operating temperature is too high, the human is unable to maintain such a high temperature. Now there are many countries in the world are taking the manpower and much research on how to realize the fusion reaction at room temperature the estimated, through the efforts of several generations after is possible.
2 other new energy
New energy in addition to nuclear energy, and solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy, ocean current energy (temperature), tidal energy.
Several of these new energy storage capacity is large, and it is no pollution, renewable energy consumption. Compared with the current reserves and human: solar energy is 10000 times to 1.67 times, wind energy, geothermal energy is 2 times, 1 times the current energy, tidal energy is o.17 times,
At present, many countries faced with energy crisis and environmental pollution problems have become increasingly serious, research and application of solar energy. Solar energy utilization rises again, a photothermal conversion, two photoelectric conversion. In the photothermal conversion, in addition to solve the energy part of daily life, in the solar thermal power generation is also a breakthrough in Israel. Luz company has built a 9 x Lo 'a 3 solar thermal power generation X 105kW station in the world, began to grid generation. From this we can see the solar energy heat utilization prospect. In photoelectric conversion, some of the major capitalist countries are committed to improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and reduce the cost, the target is in the 10 years left some time, will reduce the cost of about $1 per watt, conversion efficiency is increased to about 2D%. |
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